Bahasa Indonesia

Emphasis Word order is frequently modified for focus or emphasis, with the focused word usually placed at the beginning of the clause and followed by a slight pause (a break in intonation): Saya pergi ke pasar kemarin  "I went to the market yesterday" – neutral, or with focus on the subject. Kemarin saya pergi ke pasar  "Yesterday I went to the market" – emphasis on yesterday. Ke pasar saya pergi, kemarin  "To the market I went yesterday" – emphasis on where I went yesterday. Pergi ke pasar, saya, kemarin  "To the market went I yesterday" – emphasis on the process of going to the market. The last two are more likely to be encountered in speech than in writing.

  Verbs Verbs are not inflected for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as "yesterday") or by other tense indicators, such as  sudah  "already" and  belum  "not yet". On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote voice or intentional and accidental moods. Some of these affixes are ignored in colloquial speech. Examples of these are the prefixes  di-  (patient focus, traditionally called "passive voice", with OVA word order in the third person, and OAV in the first or second persons),  meng-  (agent focus, traditionally called "active voice", with AVO word order),  memper-  and  diper-  (causative, agent and patient focus),  ber-  (stative or habitual; intransitive VS order), and  ter-  (agentless actions, such as those which are involuntary, sudden, stat...