Sentence Pattern
Subject – Complement
A simple sentence can be built by adding a noun, an adjective, a prepositional phrase or a numeral to complement the subject.
There is no verb ‘to be’ in Indonesian.
However, because of the influence of English, a sort of copula verb ‘adalah‘ or ‘ialah‘ is often inserted between the subject and complement.
There is no verb ‘to be’ in Indonesian.
However, because of the influence of English, a sort of copula verb ‘adalah‘ or ‘ialah‘ is often inserted between the subject and complement.
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Dewi adalah seorang peragawati. Dia cantik. Bapak di kantor. Anaknya satu. Dewi bukan peragawati. Apakah Dewi peragawati? Dewilah peragawatinya |
Dewi is a catwalk model. She (is) beautiful. Father (is) at the office. His son is one. Dewi is not a catwalk model. Is Dewi a catwalk model? Dewi is the catwalk model. |
Subject – Predicate – Adverb
The predicator may be a simple intransitive verb without any affixes.
It may also take the prefix ber-, me-, or ter-.
Adverbial is an optional element.
It may also take the prefix ber-, me-, or ter-.
Adverbial is an optional element.
| Subject | Predicate | Adverb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibu saya | ada | di rumah. | My mother is at home. |
Subject – Predicate – Object – Adverb
The predicator may be a simple verb without any affixes.
It may also take the affixes me-, -i, me-i, memer-i, me-kan, memper-kan.
Adverbial is an optional element.
It may also take the affixes me-, -i, me-i, memer-i, me-kan, memper-kan.
Adverbial is an optional element.
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Adverb | Meaning |
Dia | bekuk | pencuri. | sebagai pelajar. | He experienced many difficulties as student. |
Subject – Predicate – Complement – Adverb
The complement may be a noun phrase, an adjective, or a noun phrase preceded by an adjective-like verb. It may be also a noun preceded by an adjective as predicate.
Adverbial is an optional element.
| Subject Noun | Predicate Verb | Complement Noun | Adverbial Adverb | Meaning |
| Ujian | tinggal | dua hari | lagi. | The exam is two days away. |
| Subject Noun | Predicate Adjective | Complement Noun | Meaning |
| Mangga itu | manis | rasanya. | That mango is sweet in taste. |
Subject – Predicate – Object – Complement
The complement may be a noun phrase, an adjective, a noun phrase or a verb.Subject – Predicate – Object – Object
The structure has two objects.
The first object is indirect object and the second one is direct object.
The indirect object is often called the beneficiary of an action.
The first object is indirect object and the second one is direct object.
The indirect object is often called the beneficiary of an action.