Part of the Speech
As a quick overview, there are eight part of speech in any language:
- Nomina (Nouns)
It is used to refer to someone or something as an object. - Pronomina (Pronouns)
It is used to refers to someone or something as a subject. It works as a replacement of a noun too. - Ajektiva, Kata Sifat (Adjectives)
It works as a bridge to connect the ideas in a sentence. - Verba, Kata Kerja (Verbs)
Every linguist agree that verb is the most important part in a sentence. Without this, a sentence is meaningless. It shows an action or a state of nouns and pronouns. - Adverbia (Adverb)
This is a twin of adjective. It works to describe adjective, verb, or other adverbs. - Preposisi (Preposition)
It works to befriend verb or noun to describe location or time. - Konjungsi (Conjunctions)
It works to connect words, clauses, sentences, or paragraphs. - Interjeksi, Kata Seruan (Interjection)
This is the most optional part. It shows as an expression.
We have discussed about Indonesian nouns in Indonesian Nouns and How to Learn Indonesian Grammar Structures. You can check them out! If you had already learned them, then let’s have a quick overview about nouns!
Nomina Noun
Makanan Food
Minuman Drink
Pensil Pencil
Pulpen Pen
Komputer Computer
Ponsel Phone
Buku Book
Koran Newspaper
Majalah Magazine
Kasur Bed
Kaos T-shirt
Jaket Jacket
Kacamata Glasses
Televisi TV
Telepon Telephone
If you need some useful traveling nouns, go check Indonesian Traveling Phrases.
2. Pronoun
5 Types of Indonesian Pronouns. Here is a quick view. If you want to learn how to use them, go ahead and check the article!
English Formal Informal Informal Possesive
I Saya Aku -ku
You Anda Kamu -mu
He/ Beliau Dia -nya
She/
It
We (inclusive) Kita Kita -
We (exclusive) Kami Kami -
You (Plural) Kalian Kalian -
They Mereka Mereka -
3. Adjectives
Adjectives is verb’s, noun’s, and pronoun’s friend. We have discussed about adjectives in Lists of Indonesian Adjectives. Here is a quick view for adjective!
Ajektiva Adjective
Bagus Good
Buruk Bad
Baik Kind
Nakal Naughty
Cantik Beautiful
Tampan Handsome
Jelek Ugly
Lucu Funny
Imut Adorable
Indah Majestic
Enak Delicious
Pahit Bitter
Manis Sweet
Bahagia Happy
Sedih Sad
4. Verb
We have several articles that discussed about verb: Indonesian Grammar Structures, Basic Indonesian Vocabulary, and Indonesian Slang Words.
But here is a table of verb that is too common:
Verba Verb
Makan To Eat
Minum To Drink
Membaca To read
Menonton To watch
Menulis To write
Mengetik To Type
Duduk To sit
Memasak To cook
Membangun To build
Berjelajah To explore
Berbelanja To shop
Membeli To buy
Menjual To sell
Menghias To Decorate
Berbicara To Speak
Loads of verbs need affixations to combine them with nouns and pronouns. If you need to learn about affixations, we have easy-to-learn articles of Indonesian Prefixes, Indonesian Prefixes and Suffixes, and Indonesian Infixes! They contain examples too, so you can learn them easily in days!
5. Adverb
We have discussed about adverb in 5 Types of Indonesian Adverbs. Here is a quick examples of Indonesian Adverbs!
Adverbia Adverb
Besok Tomorrow
Lusa The Day After Tomorrow
Kemarin Yesterday
(Dengan) Sedih Sadly
(Dengan) Bahagia Happily
(Dengan) Bersemangat Excitedly
Selalu Always
Sering Often
Jarang Seldom
6. Preposition
Here we are going to give you a quick example but if you need to learn about Indonesia prepositions fully, please check the full article!
Mengenai About
Tentang About
Soal About
Menuju Towards
Ke Arah Towards
Seperti Like
Tidak Seperti Unlike
Di bawah Below
Di belakang Behind
Di samping Beside
Di Depan In front of
Di dalam Inside
7. Conjunction
Usually it is applied between sentences.
Konjungsi Conjunction
Tapi But
Namun / Akan Tetapi However
Jadi So
Oleh sebab itu Therefore
Lalu / Kemudian Then
Those are only simple conjunctions. If you need something more challenging conjunctions, you can check Lists of Indonesian Conjunctions.
8. Interjection
But here are some common Indonesian interjections!
Interjeksi Interjection
Aduh Ouch
Ha? Huh?
Capek deh… What a pain in the butt
Lelah… I am tired
Hore!! Hooray!!
Sial! Crap!
Waduh! Oh no!
We can use slangs as interjections too! See Indonesian Slang Words.
But do we need to use all of them in once? Of course, no! If you had check our article of Indonesian Word Formation then you should understand that there are kind of incomplete sentences, known as “Kalimat Tidak Sempurna”.
Usually, a sentence in Indonesian can be called as a complete sentence if they contain Subject + Verb + Object + Adverb (Subyek + Predikat + Obyek + Keterangan). Since this article is about speech, so let’s have an example of speech!
Below is an example of a transferred students named Andi who is introducing himself:
Andi: Halo! Nama saya Andi.
Interjection Noun Pronoun Noun
(Hello, my name is Andi)
Andi: Saya berasal dari Surabaya.
Pronoun Verb Preposition Adverb (of Place)
(I came from Surabaya)
Andi: Saya menjadi murid pindahan karena ayah saya ditransfer ke sini.
Pronoun Verb Noun Adverb Conjunction Noun (Possesive) Pronoun (Passive) Verb Adverb (Of Place)
(I am a transfer student because my father was transferred here.)
Andi: Ayah saya adalah anggota TNI angkatan Udara.
Noun (Possesive) Pronoun (To be) Verb Noun Adverb
(My father is a Indonesian Air Force Army)
*TNI = Tentara Nasional Indonesia (National Indonesian Army)
Andi: Saya menyukai permainan Futsal dan di sekolah lama, saya adalah penjaga gawang.
Pronoun Verb Adverb Noun Conjunction Preposition Noun Adverb (of Condition) Pronoun (To be) Verb Noun
(I like football game, and in my previous school I was a goal keeper.)
Andi: Saya berencana untuk mendaftar klub futsal di sekolah ini sebagai penjaga gawang.
Pronoun Verb Conjunction Verb Adverb Noun Preposition Noun (of Places) Adverb (To be) Verb Noun
(I am planning to register to a football club in this school as a goalkeeper.)
Andi: Matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang paling [saya sukai karena tidak membutuhkan banyak hapalan.
Noun (To be) Verb Noun Conjunction Adverb Pronoun (Passive) Verb Conjunction Adverb Verb Adverb Noun.
(Mathematics is my favorite subject because it does not require lots of role.)
Andi: Saya menyukai nasi goreng, hehe.
Pronoun Verb Noun Interjection
(I like fried rice)
Andi:[/th] [th]Saya[/th] [th]berharap[/th] [th]teman-teman[/th][th]sekalian[/th][th]menyukai[/th][th]saya[/th][th]sebagaimana[/th][th]saya[/th][th]menyukai[/th][th]nasi goreng,[/th][th]ya!
[/td] [td]Pronoun[/td] [td] Verb[/td] [td]Noun[/td][td]Adverb[/td][td]Verb[/td][td]Pronoun[/td][td]Conjunction[/td][td]Pronoun[/td][td]Verb[/td][td]Noun[/td][td]Interjection
(I hope all of you guys will like me as much I like fried rice, okay!)