Non-Locative Preposition

 

Common

untuk, bagi, guna, buat dengan tentang oleh

for with about, concerning by

sampai seperti tanpa

until like without

Complex, including a prefix

terhadap beserta sesudah, setelah

towards together with after

Functions as verbs, as indicated in parentheses

menurut mengenai lewat

according to(follow) about, concerning(affect, concern) via

Consist of two words

oleh karena oleh sebab bersama dengan

because of, on account of because of, on account of together with

The forms ‘kepada'(to) and ‘daripada'(than, of) consist of two words written as one.

Function as both preposition and conjunction

sebab, karena sebelum sesudah, sehabis selama dengan

because of, on account of before after during by means of, with

Terhadap

‘Terhadap‘ illustrates the variety of correspondences which might occur.

Sangsi terhadap orang yang melanggar kebiasaan sikapnya terhadap tamu-tamunya jengkel terhadap dirinya sendiri perlakuan Iran terhadap para sandera berminat terhadap sejarah perang terhadap perjudian kemenangan terhadap Jepang kebencian terhadap mereka

sanctions against people who violate custom his attitude to/towards his guests annoyed at himself Iran’s treatment of the hostages interested in history war on/against gambling victory over Japan hatred of/towards them

Oleh

‘Oleh‘ marks the agent of a passive verb and the agent attribute in a noun phrase. It can sometimes follow an intransitive verb. It can also occur with an adjective predicate(being synonymous with ‘dengan'(with).

Buku itu ditulis oleh adik saya. Dia tewas oleh ledakan bom. Pasar penuh sesak oleh orang yang datang untuk harga khusus.

The book was written by my brother. He died as a result of explosion. The market was packed with people who came for the bargain.